HeartDoc Andrew
2023-08-05 21:42:06 UTC
Iron and the Pathophysiology of Diabetes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161568/
Annu Rev Physiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2023 May 5.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2023 Feb 10; 85: 339362.
Published online 2022 Sep 22. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022522-102832
PMCID: PMC10161568
NIHMSID: NIHMS1889793
PMID: 36137277
Iron and the Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Alexandria V Harrison,1 Felipe Ramos Lorenzo,1,2 and Donald A. McClain1,2
Author information Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer
The publisher's final edited version of this article is available free at Annu Rev Physiol
Abstract
High iron is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects most of its cardinal features: decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. This is true across the normal range of tissue iron levels and in pathologic iron overload. Because of irons central role in metabolic processes (e.g., fuel oxidation) and metabolic regulation (e.g., hypoxia sensing), iron levels participate in determining metabolic rates, gluconeogenesis, fuel choice, insulin action, and adipocyte phenotype. The risk of diabetes related to iron is evident in most or all tissues that determine diabetes phenotypes, with the adipocyte, beta cell, and liver playing central roles. Molecular mechanisms for these effects are diverse, although there may be integrative pathways at play. Elucidating these pathways has implications not only for diabetes prevention and treatment, but also for the pathogenesis of other diseases that are, like T2DM, associated with
aging,https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10161568/
Annu Rev Physiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2023 May 5.
Annu Rev Physiol. 2023 Feb 10; 85: 339362.
Published online 2022 Sep 22. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022522-102832
PMCID: PMC10161568
NIHMSID: NIHMS1889793
PMID: 36137277
Iron and the Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Alexandria V Harrison,1 Felipe Ramos Lorenzo,1,2 and Donald A. McClain1,2
Author information Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer
The publisher's final edited version of this article is available free at Annu Rev Physiol
Abstract
High iron is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects most of its cardinal features: decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. This is true across the normal range of tissue iron levels and in pathologic iron overload. Because of irons central role in metabolic processes (e.g., fuel oxidation) and metabolic regulation (e.g., hypoxia sensing), iron levels participate in determining metabolic rates, gluconeogenesis, fuel choice, insulin action, and adipocyte phenotype. The risk of diabetes related to iron is evident in most or all tissues that determine diabetes phenotypes, with the adipocyte, beta cell, and liver playing central roles. Molecular mechanisms for these effects are diverse, although there may be integrative pathways at play. Elucidating these pathways has implications not only for diabetes prevention and treatment, but also for the pathogenesis of other diseases that are, like T2DM, associated with
nutrition, and iron.
The healthiest way to reduce "high iron" is to stop the overeating(i.e. the "original sin" of gluttony). GOD does command us to stop
(John 5:14) sinning.
Indeed, I am wonderfully hungry ( https://bit.ly/RapidTestCOVID-19 )
and hope you, Tom, also have a healthy appetite too.
So how are you ?
...because we mindfully choose to openly care with our heart,
HeartDoc Andrew <><
--
Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Cardiologist with an http://bit.ly/EternalMedicalLicense
2024 & upwards non-partisan candidate for U.S. President:
http://WonderfullyHungry.org
and author of the 2PD-OMER Approach:
http://bit.ly/HeartDocAndrewCare
which is the only **healthy** cure for the U.S. healthcare crisis
Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Cardiologist with an http://bit.ly/EternalMedicalLicense
2024 & upwards non-partisan candidate for U.S. President:
http://WonderfullyHungry.org
and author of the 2PD-OMER Approach:
http://bit.ly/HeartDocAndrewCare
which is the only **healthy** cure for the U.S. healthcare crisis